Method of and apparatus for projecting images



July 12, 1927.

A. LINNEBACH METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING IMAGES Filed June 8. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet, 1

avwemzoz W "1 635795 July A. LINNEBACH METHOD OF ANDARPARATUS FOR PROJECTLNG IMAGES Filed June 8, 1922 Sheets-Sheet 2 Z .r L

I v avwewcoz @lbtcnmm) Patented July 12, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,635,795 PATENT OFFICE? ADOLPH LINNEBACHgOF DRESDEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN H. KLIEGL AND ANTON'T. KLIEGL, COPABTNERS, DOING BUSINESS AS UNIVERSAL ELECTRIC STAG] I LIGHTING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROJEGTING IMAGES.

Application filed June 8,

This invention relates to amethod of and apparatus for forming backgrounds for use in theatres or other amusement houses and has for one of its more important ohjects to provide an improved method and apparatus whereby artistic and pleasing background effects may be obtained.

Another object is to provide a method and apparatus in which an undistorted image of an object is displayed upon a screen without the use of any lenses.

A further object is to provide a method and apparatus of the type referred to above in which the source of light may be placed com aratively close to the screen and yet pro uce artistic, undistorted images. Other objects and advantages will appear as the invention is hereinafter disclosed.

Referring to 'the drawings which illus- 2 trate what I now consider a preferred form of apparatus for carrying the method into practice:

, Fig. -l is a diagrammatic plan view illus- I trating the invention employed n connection with the stage of a theatre.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of an ob ect or slide employed.

Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section of one form of lamp housing and ob ect holder.

Fig. 4 is a section on Fi 3. y .t has been proposed to project images upon a screen .to produce a background cffeet. If a stereopticon or other pro ector comprising lenses be employed for this purpose, such projector must be placed at a distance from the screen practically equal to or greater than the greater dimension of the projected image and in no case could such distance be less than that which would cause a field of projection greater than 60, lest the image appear distorted and other wise objectionable. I have devised a method and means whereby the apparatus employed may be located within a comparatively short distance from the screen and yet produce highly artistic, clear and undistorted images of an object upon a screen. And I achieve this result by virtue of extremely simple apparatus, as will hereinafter appear. s shown in Fig. 1, my invention cmthe line 4. -4 of 1922. Serial No. 566,747.

bodies a high intensity source of light 10, an object 11 and a screen 12. The source of light may assume the form of an arc lamp of suitable intensity or a high intensity incandescent lamp such as those now commonly employed in connection with stereopticoiis and other projectors. The object 11 consists of a pane or sheet of glass or other suitable transparent or translucent material upon which a scene or other representation is depicted; by means of opaque pigments or other materials, or translucent pigments or dyes or other materials of. a suitable color or'colors, or a combination of any of these. Such an object is shown in Fig. 2, the glass 11 being preferably provided with a frame 13 of wood or other suitable material for a purpose which will presently appear. The screen 12 is preferably of such material as will permit the images pipjected thereon to the visible from the side of the screen opposite that upon which the apparatus 10, 11 is located, yet conceal the last mentioned apparatus from the audience. An example of such material is varnished linen.

In Fig. 1 I have indicated the stage of a theatre, comprising the apron 14., Wings 15 and the screen 12 here employed as a back drop. Assuming that the screen shown is about thirty feet wide, the total available depth between the apparatus 10, 11 and the apron 14 would be about forty-five feet,

these being the relative proportions of the ordinary stage. Now, if projecting apparatus were located on the front or audience side of the screen 12, the actors in action upon the stage and in front of the screen would cast shadows upon the latter and spoil the whole background effect. On the other hand any attempt to employ a projector, embodying lenses, behind the screen 12 would mean that the screen 12 would have to be moved forwardly at least as far as the position shown in dot-ted lines at 12, lest distortion of the projected image or images result. Under these conditions the available stage-depth between the apron 14: and screen would be insuflicient for the action to proceed satisfactorily. And this though specially designed lenses be employed 10 in the projector.

By virtue of my invention the apparat g 10, ll and screen 12 may be placed comparatively close together and yet the iniugc or images upon the screen Will appear distinct, undistorted and highly pleasing uud natural in appearance. lndeed, l have obtained highly sutislznltory results in the production of clear, artistic, undistorted images upon a screen where the distance between the screen 12 and light source 10 was no more than ouelialf the greater dimension (usually width) of the screen. In other words, if the total ayailablc distance between the light 10 and apron it is feet and the Width of the screen 12 30 feet, the screen 12 need be placed only 15 feet or even less) from the light 10, and yet undistorted and highly artistic images are produced upon the screen. This leaves a distance of 30 feet between the screen 1;- untl apron lei: so that the action may pmcocd satisfactorily upon the stage in front oi the hack drop 12.

My invention in its fundamentals necessitotes the use of only the following apparatus: the. light source 10, the screen 12 and. the ob jcct or objects 11 located between the said elements 10 and 12. Lenses are entirely dispenscd with and the apparatus is compurutively cheap to manufacture. Furthermore, instead of shifting scenes by substituting, for a back drop 12, a different haclt drop or back drops, one need only substitute a. difierent object bearing the desired scene for that shown at 11. The objects 11 are compera tively small and inexpensive to produce and may be transported with greater facility and at a greatly reduced cost. lVhile the apparatus thus far described is operative to practice the novel method, I prefer to mount the light 10 in a such housing having an object holder odapted to hold an object (such as that shown in Fig. 2) in the path of the light into which or from which the ob ect or objects may be readily inserted or removed. Que form of such apparatus is shown in. Figs. 3 et seq. and may be constructed substantially as follows:

housing 20 of metal or material and comprising top, bottom, rear and side walls, is provided at its open front with channels or grooved members :21 adapt ed slidably to receive, one at s time, objects ll, 13. A source of light 1G is mounted in the. housing. While this source of light 10 may assume the form or an incendescei'it lamp, I have selected for the purpose o:t illustration, the crater of the carbon or other electrode 25 of u D. C. arc lam The other carbon 26 of the lamp suitulily from the carbon 25 and other suitable both are housing,

ilflircct current may be supplied to the electrodes from any suitable source. The housing; 20 not only serves to exclude extraneous light from the side of the object toward the light but serves also to screen the high intensity light source from ll 2 operators eyes. The housing 20 need not serve in any sense as a. reflector or condenser. In fact, I prefer to coat the interior of the housing with a non-reflecting or light-absorbing substance such as dull'black paint.

The dimensions of the housing 20 will depend upon the dimensions of the screen employed, the dimensions of the objects employed, and the distance between the light 10 and the screen. It the screen be wider than. it is high. as is usually the case, and calling this width --Vf-- and the height H, the following relative dimensions and distances will be found satisfactory.

The distance between light source 10 and screen 12 may be W /2; the width of the object 'W/lt): the height of the object H/lO; uud the distance between light source 10 and the object or plane of the object holder)-- "W/EZO. Such an apparatus will project clear highly artistic, and undistorted images 0 objects 11 upon the screen 12. Obviously other relationships of dimensions may be employed and the apparatus otherwise modified Without departing from the scope of the inrention as defi ed in the following claims. lVhat I claim is:

1. The method of forming a. background for the stage of an amusement house, Which method consists in projecting a substantially undistorted image from a translucent object "upon a screen, by projecting a cone of light aving an apex angle of more than the screen through the object; and substantiailly preventing the passage, to the side of said oiject remote from the screen of rays of light other than those bounded by the cone.

2. A machine for projecting enlarged images of objects and com rising in combinatlon, e housing, an ob ect holder carried thereby, and a lam -support carried by housing and space at a distance less than the greater dimension ct said object holder, provided with means f0 venting rays of light, other than rays boundand its apex adjacent said time support, from reaching the plane of said object holder.

3. The method of forming a background for the stage of method consists in projecting undistorted magnified image lucent object upon a screen, cone of light having an apex angle of more than 60 upon the screen throu h the object; and substantially preventing t e passage, to

a substantially om a transfrom said object holder upon 1 by projecting a the side of said object remote from the screen, of rays of light other than those bounded by the cone and passing through its apex portion. l

4. A n'mchine as set forth in claim 2 in which the lamp support is provided with a lamp from which the rays of light emanate to form the cone of lighfi passiiv" 1 jectholder and in. which the b means com rise light-ammo reflecting sur aces.

In testin'lony whereof l' signature.

LEN 

